The Role of Extra-Campus Organization in Building "Bela Negara" Character: Case of Cipayung Group of East Java


 
 
This study aims to explore the role of the Extra-Campus Student Organizations incorporated in the Cipayung Group, namely: Indonesian National Student Movement (GMNI), Indonesian Islamic Student Movement (PMII), Indonesian Student Association (HMI), Indonesian Christian Student Movement (GMKI) ), and the Catholic Students Association of the Republic of Indonesia (PMKRI) in raising awareness of the nation defense in East Java. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of content analysis of credible news, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD) on informants or informants selected based on purposive techniques. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model, and the data validity test technique uses triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the Copying Group in terms of regeneration implanted the values of the country's defense through compulsory material delivered in activities ranging from member recruitment, primary education and training, and further training. In terms of scientific studies and issues, the Copying Group often conducts study discussions that also carry the theme of defending the country. In terms of student actions or movements, the values of state defense instilled through efforts to criticize government policies that are considered non-Pancasila. Copying Group members also carry out community service which aims to instill in their members that love for the motherland and willingness to sacrifice for the nation and state. Then it can be concluded that the Copying Group has a role in raising awareness of the defense of the student state in East Java. 
 
 



INTRODUCTION
Indonesia will soon face a period of demographic bonus going forward, where the number of productive ages will reach 2/3 of the total population. A challenge for the Indonesian government because if the productive age in this country is not qualified, the demographic bonus will have an adverse impact. Therefore, improving the quality of human resources is one of the main agendas of the current government.
Among the strategies to improve the quality of human resources is through high education. The strategy of improving the quality of human include improving aspects of character such as nationalism and national defense, open-minded, critical and analytical, competitive, communicative, and tolerant. Improving the quality of the character of college graduates is expected to create a golden generation in the year 2045.
However, the era of digitalization where the internet is overgrowing as it is now a challenge for students who are the most significant internet user group in Indonesia. Among the adverse effects of using the internet to grow an attitude hedonism, apathetic, to the growth of radical thoughts in the middle of groups of students. These attitudes will undoubtedly fade the character of the country's young generation.
Indonesia, which will face this demographic bonus, positively needs to be more aware of these negative impacts. Because, it would be miserable if our young generation in the future is a generation that is the crisis of national character, especially the attitude of defending the country. Students who are intelligent without a state defense attitude will be reluctant to use their intellectual abilities for the nation and the state. However, instead, they use it only for their interests.
Therefore, it is necessary to have an effort in growing the defending attitude of the student state through character education. The strategy of implementing character education in higher education units, according to (Soetanto, 2012) can be through learning, extra-curricular, and the development of higher education culture. Among these strategies, character building through extracurricular is a strategy that initiated themselves. Students choose extra-curricular activities.
Among the curricular extra-curricular activities that get much attention from the mass media is an extra-campus student organization. Extra-campus student organizations are student organizations that are outside the auspices of the campus, which are a forum for student self-development. Extra-campus student organizations have a significant role, especially in the history of the struggle of Indonesian students.
One of the influential extra-campus student organizations in Indonesia includes the extracampus student organization that is part of the Copying Group, namely HMI (Islamic Student Association), PMKRI (Indonesian Catholic Student Association), GMNI (Indonesian National Student Movement), GMKI (Indonesian Christian Student Movement), and PMII (Indonesian Islamic Student Movement). The formation of this group was motivated.
However, today, extra-campus student organizations are viewed negatively by some academics, especially on the writer's campus. Extra-campus student organizations are often involved in the world of campus politics, where there are jockeying for positions in student organizations such as student associations and executive bodies. This experience led to the emergence of negative stigma when students heard that some of their friends joined in an external student organization, which resulted in them being reluctant to join extra-campus student organizations. In fact, in the history of the student movement, extra-campus student organizations play a significant role in the national movement which is one aspect of the awareness of defending the country, namely willingness to sacrifice for the nation and state.
Based on the description above, the authors are interested in researching the role of the Copying Group in raising awareness of defending the country for students in East Java Province. Besides, the study of the role of student organizations in raising awareness of student defense is a unique study due to the importance of awareness of the defense of the new state echoed during the leadership of President Jokowi through the State Defense Program which was put forward in 2015. Meanwhile, the authors chose the research locus in East Java because among the provinces that have the greatest number of students in East Java (data from the National Development Planning Agency 2013-2015). Therefore, this province can be one of the bases of other student organizations in Indonesia, including the Copying Group. This study aims to find out the role of the extra-campus student organization incorporated in the Cipayung Group in raising awareness of the defence of the student state in East Java, to increase awareness of the importance of state defence values in new student organizations, and to reduce the negative stigma towards extra-campus student organizations.

LITERATURE REVIEW Role Concept
According to (Soejono, 1990) the role is a dynamic aspect of the status (status) if a person carries out rights and obligations following his position. So, he performs a role. The role, in this case, is an orderly sequence that is brought about because of a position. Meanwhile, the role of social groups according to Merton in (Wirawan, 2015) consists of the role of manifest and latent roles. The role of the manifest is a real and measurable role. While the passive role is a hidden role, where not everyone can find out directly.

Defend Country Character Education
Defending the state according to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 1982 is interpreted as follows. "The determination, attitudes and actions of citizens organized, comprehensive, integrated and sustainable based on a love for the homeland, awareness of the nation and state of Indonesia and a belief in Pancasila as the state ideology. Willingness to sacrifice eliminate threats both from abroad and within a country that endangers the independence. Sovereignty of the state, national unity and unity, territorial integrity and national jurisdiction, as well as the values of the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution ". Rahayu et al (2019), stated that the awareness of defending the state can be realized in the form of values that show the character of defending the state, as follows: 1) Love for the country, 2) Aware of the nation and state, 3) Convinced that Pancasila as the state ideology, 4) Willing to sacrifice for the nation and state, 5) Has the initial ability to defend the country The values of national defense need to be implemented in daily life. The implementation of national defense values carried out on an ongoing basis can foster and strengthen confidence in Pancasila as a direction and guide in developing the nation and state (Budiyono, 2017). The implementation of state defense continues to be actualized to foster nationalism, because nationalism will continue to grow in accordance with its era / global (Widodo, 2011).
Meanwhile, according to Koesoema, character education is the fundamental values that lived if a community wants to live and work together peacefully. Values such as wisdom, respect for others, personal responsibility, shared feelings, suffering, peaceful resolution of conflicts, are values that prioritized in character education. Soetanto (2012), revealed that several strategies used in the application of state defence character education in higher education, namely as follows: a. Through learning The strategy of implementing character education through learning is done in two ways, namely by strengthening the subjects of Religious Education, Pancasila Education, Citizenship Education, Basic Natural Sciences, and Basic Social and Cultural Sciences, and by integrating character education in each course in the fields of science, technology, and art. b. Through extra-curricular The strategy of applying character education through extra-curricular activities is carried out through activities that involve students in it, namely student organizations and student activity units. c. Through the development of higher education culture The culture of higher education divided into three units, namely academic culture, humanist culture, and religious culture. In essence, understanding the values of the State defense of students is not enough to be done at the level of concepts through training and seminars, but rather the process of internalizing the values of the State defense (Abidin, 2018). Meanwhile, Soepandji (2018), said that the national defense program is essentially the construction of thinking of the Indonesia young generation which is the foremost and principal stronghold in maintaining the integrity of our beloved country in the present and the future.

Extra Campus Student Organizations
An extra-campus student organization is an organization with a student background that stands outside the authority of the campus. According to Rahmawati (2015), extra-campus organization is one of the institutions that try to form its cadres so that the vision and mission of an institution is achieved. The extra-campus student organization has three movements that serve as the basis for its movements, namely: a. Political movements (affiliated with groups). b. Social movement (being the motor of the imbalances social) c. Intellectual printing (holding seminars and scientific studies). Maintain the ideology of each organization.

Cipayung Group
The Cipayung Group is a cooperation forum of 5 student organizations whose formation agreed in Cipayung -West Java on January 22, 1972. Formation Cipayung Group motivated vacancy student movement to deal with social situations that deviate from the principle of justice in the state system in Indonesia.

METHOD
This study uses a qualitative approach to give an in-depth overview and produce generalizations to the object of research, namely the role of the Cipayung Group in raising awareness of defending the country for students in East Java Province. Besides, the authors also use a quantitative approach as supporting data. Following the research object, the location of this study is in the Province of East Java and was carried out for 20 days, namely from April 20 to May 10 2019. Meanwhile, data sources used in this study consisted of: a. Primary data The primary data in this study are the results of interviews with the chair/management of each of the extra-campus student organizations that are members of the Cipayung Group in East Java. The author also uses the results of a survey of students belonging to the Cipayung Group in East Java as supporting primary data. b. Secondary Data Secondary data in this study are documents and online news that have relevance to the extra-campus student organizations that are members of the Cipayung Group in East Java. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model developed by (Miles and Huberman, 2007) with data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification). Meanwhile, the data validity test used by the author is to use two types of data triangulation, namely data source triangulation and method triangulation. Triangulation of data sources testing the truth of the data obtained by verifying it from various sources of information. Meanwhile, the method triangulation testing the truth of the data obtained from the qualitative approach with the data obtained from the quantitative approach.
The primary data collection techniques in this study were in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) which were selected based on purposive techniques, as well as literature studies. Meanwhile, the authors use data collection techniques through surveys to support the results of the primary data collection techniques.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of research conducted, there are three roles of the Cipayung Group Student Organization in raising awareness of the defence of the student state, namely through cadre activities, routine discussions, and actions. The following is a description of each of these roles. 1) Regeneration Regeneration is a significant activity for all Cipayung member, to internalize the value of the organization to its members, including the roles, functions, duties and responsibilities of students in the life of the nation. There are several models of internalization of state defence values in the cadre of the Cipayung Group. PMII for example, in the regeneration activities there is material on Indonesia which contains the spirit of nationalism. While GMNI in its cadre activities contained material marhaenism and nationalism. Likewise the other members of the Cipayung Group, also have materials with national values, such as the love of the motherland, national and state awareness, love of Pancasila, and a spirit of self-sacrifice for the sake of the nation and state.
Meanwhile, according to Hadziq (2019), nationalism of extra-campus organization students is carried out in the form of formal and non-formal regeneration. In the cadre activities the values of nationalism are implanted in each joint of the event, for example by saving nationalism or nationalism as a subject matter (Mufti, 2018).
The quality of an organization is determined by the quality of its members. Therefore, regeneration activities have an essential role in forming quality and member character. The data described above shows how the Cipayung Group had played a significant role in instilling the values of the country's defence through its member activities. When referring to Robert K. Merton's theory, it concluded that the Cipayung Group has a manifest role (real and active role) in raising awareness of the defence of the student state in East Java through the regeneration of its members.

2) Discussion
According to Sanusi (2016), the organization of political education in this organization includes discussion, study of social issues, and the habit of participating in organizations, such as in the deliberations of members of the organization. In carrying out its activities, extra-campus organizations take a role in growing public space in the realm of campus (Amin dan Handoyo, 2014). Meanwhile, for the extra campus organization, the public space is used as a means of communication and attitude in discussing each policy of the campus bureaucracy which is considered to be in conflict with the interests of students (Bisma, 2017).
Cipayung Group Student Organizations often hold discussions that raise the theme of nationalism and government policies. There are two types of discussions conducted by the Cipayung Group Student Organization. Namely, regular discussions held every week and discussions in commemoration of essential national days. a. Discussion in Commemoration of National Important Day Discussions in commemorating important national days usually raise themes related to important events or days that celebrated. An example is the Discussion of GMNI Surabaya Youth Oath Reflection and in Commemorating Youth Oath Day on Saturday, October 28, 2017. Discussions in the context of commemorating important national days that have topics related to nationalism aim to increase love for the homeland of students. Therefore, this discussion has a manifest role in raising awareness of the defence of the student state, especially in the value of patriotism. b. Routine Discussion Regular discussions held with the theme of the student movement or the Government of Indonesia's policies. In this discussion, the students are encouraged to think critically and find solutions to policy -Indonesian government policies that have become a social problem in society. The results of the discussion are usually followed up with actions taken by members of the Cipayung Group Student Organization. The topic of Indonesian Government policies raised in the routine discussion made students aware of their role as the Indonesian nation and also increased student knowledge. Therefore, regular discussions conducted by the Cipayung Group Student Organization have a latent (hidden) role in increasing awareness of the defence of the student state, especially in increasing the value of national and state awareness.

3) Action
The action was an action that was carried out by students who were members of the Cipayung Group Student Organization. There are three types of actions taken by the Cipayung Student Organization, namely demonstrations, symbolic actions and social actions: a. Action Demonstration Demonstrations are carried out in order to criticize government policies or performance. Demonstrations conducted by students are usually carried out on certain essential days, depending on the policy or regulation criticized. Sometimes demonstrations take place when there are issues about humanity, for example, actions aimed at freeing some activists. Demonstrations of action invited students to get involved in expressing criticism of the government in this democratic country. Indirectly, this action makes students aware of the nation and state. In contrast, a nation needs to provide criticism if there is injustice committed by its officials. Therefore, this demonstration has a latent (hidden) role in raising awareness of defending the country, especially on the conscious values of the nation and state. b. Symbolic Action In addition to demonstrations, the Cipayung Group Student Organization also carried out symbolic actions. Symbolic actions are actions taken by the Cipayung Group in commemorating important days in Indonesia, such as the Pancasila Worship Day, Youth Oath Day, and Heroes' Day. This action was carried out in various symbolic ways, such as sowing flowers, declarations of statements, as well as the distribution of flowers on the highway by members of the Cipayung Group Student Organization. With this symbolic action, students are expected to remember the services of the heroes and can fill independence with the spirit of struggle. This activity then fosters a sense of patriotism and national and state awareness of students. Therefore, this symbolic action has a manifest role in raising awareness of the defence of the student state. c. Social Action In addition to demonstrations and symbolic actions, the Cipayung Group Student Organization also carried out social actions, namely actions in the context of community service. This action is usually in the form of fundraising, social services, and counselling to the community. Social service action is an activity where students help fellow Indonesian people voluntarily. Indirectly, social service action can make students willing to sacrifice for the nation and state. Therefore, this social action has a potential role in raising awareness of student defence.
To support the results of the analysis, the authors measured the defending awareness of student state members of the Cipayung Group Student Organization in East Java by distributing questionnaires to 21 respondents from all respondents, 2,257. Based on the results of a continuum analysis that the author did, where the lowest score was 504 while the highest score was 2,520, the awareness of defending the state of students of Cipayung Group Student Organization in East Java was very high, which had a percentage of 86.96%. The results of processing the questionnaire above support the results and analysis of the authors, who stated that the Cipayung Group Student Organization has a role in raising awareness of defending the student state. The defence of this country will then grow the character of the defence of the country. The strategies for shaping the character of a student's state defence is through extra-curricular activities, where the Extra Campus Student Organization is also an extracurricular activity for students.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research conducted by the author, it concluded that the role of the Cipayung Group Extra Student Organization in raising awareness of defending the country for students in East Java Province has a significant role and is manifest (real and measured) and latent (hidden). The manifestation of manifestation seen in cadre activities, and discussions and symbolic actions in commemoration of essential national days. Meanwhile, the potential role is in routine discussions, demonstrations and social actions.